In the development of ultrasonic motors, the following themes should be systematically studied:
- Measuring methods for high-field electromechanical couplings.
- Materials development (low loss and high vibration velocity).
- Piezo-actuator designs. (Heat generation mechanism ,Degradation mechanisms,New multilayer actuator designs)
- USM designs (Displacement magnification mechanisms (horn, hinge-lever),USM types (standing-wave type, propagating-wave type),Frictional contact part.)
- Drive/control (High frequency/high power supply,Resonance/anti-resonance usage.
